V Slot Surgery

1. V Slot Surgery Recovery
2. V Slot Surgery Center

Prior to surgery, your dog undergoes X-rays and a myelogram - an X-ray test that includes a dye injection around the spinal cord - to locate the part of the spinal cord involved. During the operation, known as a hemilaminectomy, the surgeon removes a bone section above the spinal cord and removes the herniated material from the disc. A ventral slot procedure is the most common surgical procedure for disc herniation in the cervical spine. The approach is from the underside (ventral) of the neck, where intervertebral discs are located. A small hole (slot) is drilled through the center of the disc and a small portion of the adjacent vertebrae. Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the use of temporary epicardial pacing wires to diagnose and treat early postoperative arrhythmias in pediatric cardiac surgical patients and (2) to determine the predictive factors for the need of pacing wires for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Methods: We collected preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data in a.

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve. This test is done along with electromyography (EMG) to assess the muscles for abnormalities.

Adhesive patches called surface electrodes are placed on the skin over nerves at different spots. Each patch gives off a very mild electrical impulse. This stimulates the nerve.

The resulting electrical activity of the nerve is recorded by the other electrodes. The distance between electrodes and the time it takes for electrical impulses to travel between electrodes are used to measure the speed of the nerve signals.

EMG is the recording from needles placed into the muscles. This is often done at the same time as this test.

You must stay at a normal body temperature. Being too cold or too warm alters nerve conduction and can give false results.

Tell your doctor if you have a cardiac defibrillator or pacemaker. Special steps will need to be taken before the test if you have one of these devices.

Do not wear any lotions, sunscreen, perfume, or moisturizer on your body on the day of the test.

The impulse may feel like an electric shock. You may feel some discomfort depending on how strong the impulse is. You should feel no pain once the test is finished.

Often, the nerve conduction test is followed by electromyography (EMG). In this test, a needle is placed into a muscle and you are told to contract that muscle. This process can be uncomfortable during the test. You may have muscle soreness or bruising after the test at the site where the needle was inserted.

This test is used to diagnose nerve damage or destruction. The test may sometimes be used to evaluate diseases of nerve or muscle, including:

• Myopathy
• Lambert-Eaton syndrome
• Myasthenia gravis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Bell palsy
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Brachial plexopathy

NCV is related to the diameter of the nerve and the degree of myelination (the presence of a myelin sheath on the axon) of the nerve. Newborn infants have values that are approximately half that of adults. Adult values are normally reached by age 3 or 4.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

Most often, abnormal results are due to nerve damage or destruction, including:

• Axonopathy (damage to the long portion of the nerve cell)
• Conduction block (the impulse is blocked somewhere along the nerve pathway)
• Demyelination (damage and loss of the fatty insulation surrounding the nerve cell)

The nerve damage or destruction may be due to many different conditions, including:

• Alcoholic neuropathy
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Nerve effects of uremia (from kidney failure)
• Traumatic injury to a nerve
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Diphtheria
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Brachial plexopathy
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary)
• Chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy
• Common peroneal nerve dysfunction
• Distal median nerve dysfunction
• Femoral nerve dysfunction
• Friedreich ataxia
• General paresis
• Mononeuritis multiplex (multiple mononeuropathies)
• Primary amyloidosis
• Radial nerve dysfunction
• Sciatic nerve dysfunction
• Secondary systemic amyloidosis
• Sensorimotor polyneuropathy
• Tibial nerve dysfunction
• Ulnar nerve dysfunction

Any peripheral neuropathy can cause abnormal results. Damage to the spinal cord and disk herniation (herniated nucleus pulposus) with nerve root compression can also cause abnormal results.

An NCV test shows the condition of the best surviving nerve fibers. Therefore, in some cases the results may be normal, even if there is nerve damage.

V Slot Surgery Recovery

Deluca GC, Griggs RC. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 368.

Nuwer MR, Pouratian N. Monitoring of neural function: electromyography, nerve conduction, and evoked potentials. In: Winn HR, ed. Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 247.

Updated by: Amit M. Shelat, DO, FACP, FAAN, Attending Neurologist and Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

A dorsal slit (often referred to in anthropology as superincision) is a single incision along the upper length of the foreskin from the tip to the corona, exposing the glans without removing any tissue.

An ancient practice,^[1] it has been a traditional custom among a number of peoples, particularly Filipinos and Pacific Islanders, probably for thousands of years.

In Western medicine it was used as an alternative to circumcision to relieve conditions such as failure of the foreskin to retract (phimosis) or failure to cover the glans penis (paraphimosis), although a perception of poor appearance limited its popularity. While it is a less invasive surgery than circumcision, it is more invasive than preputioplasty since it leaves the incision open. It is still used when circumcision or other measures are considered impractical or undesirable.

Traditional custom[edit]

Since superincision and circumcision are both forms of genital cutting that expose the glans, it can often be difficult to know which procedure is being described or depicted. Opinion is divided on whether a 4,000-year-old image from Egypt, often described as the first depiction of circumcision, may in fact be of a superincision.^[2]

Superincision has been widely practised by people of the Pacific, stretching from Hawaii^[3] to the Philippines.^[4] However, with increasing urbanisation, traditional rituals have been giving way in many places to medically performed circumcision, and almost entirely so among Islanders living in New Zealand, where a recent survey found there was 'a strong cultural demand from parents'.^[5]The most notable exception to Pacific superincision is the Māori of New Zealand, who do not circumcise or superincise,^[6] although they have an indigenous term for the latter (ure haea or 'split penis') and their tradition is that they stopped the practice when they arrived in New Zealand.^[7]

Medical practice[edit]

Phimosis[edit]

Dorsal slit has a long history as a treatment for adult phimosis,^[1] since compared with circumcision it was relatively easy to perform, did not risk damage to the frenulum, and before the invention of antibiotics was less likely to become infected. However, the literature often indicates that despite being 'a simple operation' it was 'not liked by some'^[8] or refers to the 'untidy apron-like appearance' it could produce.^[9]Dorsal slit is now rare in Western countries as a treatment for phimosis. Standard guidelines suggest conservative approaches first and, should those fail, either circumcision or preputioplasty to both retain the foreskin and relieve the phimosis.^[10]

Paraphimosis and other conditions[edit]

In some cases the foreskin may become swollen as a result of paraphimosis (foreskin trapped behind the glans) or other conditions such as severe balanitis. Should reduction of the swelling by conservative methods be unsuccessful, a dorsal slit is a common intervention of choice since circumcision is almost always excluded in such cases.^[11][12] While it was formerly recommended that circumcision be subsequently performed once the originating condition has subsided,^[13] this appears to be no longer the case.^[14]

Dorsal genital slits in some African tribes[edit]

A variety of 'dorsal slit' circumcision was once predominant amongst the Maasai tribe of Kenya and Tanzania, and is still practised and found in many of the more remote regions of the very large area known as 'Maasailand' generally.

However, the Maasai operation is different in this: rather than a dorsal slit from the opening of the prepuce to the corona, a heart shaped 'oval' is excised from the dorsum of the prepuce and the glans is pushed through this hole. Later the edges of the cut prepuce will heal.

The prepuce is first cut off, leaving only a small part where the main veins are located, which is pulled down and the small hole through which the glans in pushed through is created. The remaining part is left hanging down, but the glans exposed.

Formerly tribes that copied the Maasai like the numerous Kikuyu of Kenya also practised the same form of circumcision. Photos of the operation and result are numerously found in specialized African books, such as Carol Beckwith and Tepelit Ole Saitoti's Maasai.

There are words for the resultant 'prepuaial flap' in the Maa and Gikuyu languages, and possibly in other African tongues. In Gikuyu the word, now archaic, is likely to be ngwati.

Dorsal slit reversal[edit]

According to Goodwin, the dorsal slit operation may be reversed by suturing the cut ends together, which restores the tissue to its normal position and recreates the foreskin:

One patient presented with a dorsal slit because of an acute infection during childhood. All of the normal preputial skin was still present and the patient wished the skin restored to a normal appearance. An inverted V-shaped incision was made where the dorsal slit had been and the two edges were sutured together, thus, reproducing the normal prepuce. The patient was delighted with the results. It could be that this might be an answer to some critics of circumcision. A simple dorsal slit can be performed in patients who have phimosis or severe recurrent infections. At a later date, if they wished restoration, reconstruction to the uncircumcised appearance would be simple.^[15]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abChristianakis E. Sutureless prepuceplasty with wound healing by second intention: An alternative surgical approach in children's phimosis treatment. BMC Urology. 2008;8:6. doi:10.1186/1471-2490-8-6. PMID18318903. PMC2311323.
2. ^Tasmania Law Reform Institute Non-Therapeutic Male CircumcisionArchived October 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Issues Paper, No. 14, 2009. (p. 14)
3. ^Diamond, Milton. Sexual Behavior in Pre Contact Hawai'i: A Sexological Ethnography. Revista Española del Pacifico. 2004;(16):37–58.Milton Diamond incorrectly terms the procedure subincision, though it is clear superincision is meant.
4. ^Boyle, G and Ramos, S (2000). Ritual and Medical Circumcision among Filipino boys: Evidence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Humanities & Social Sciences papers, Bond University (p. 5)
5. ^Afsari M, Beasley SW, Maoate K, Heckert K (March 2002). 'Attitudes of Pacific parents to circumcision of boys'. Pacific Health Dialog. 9 (1): 29–33. PMID12737414.
6. ^Circumcision and Māori by Valentino Križanić
7. ^Young, H & McGrath, K (2001). 'A review of circumcision in New Zealand'. In Hodges, Frederick Mansfield; Denniston, George C & Milos, Marilyn Fayre (eds.). Understanding circumcision: a multi-disciplinary approach to a multi-dimensional problem. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p. 130. ISBN0-306-46701-1.
8. ^Editorial. A ritual operation. Br Med J. 1949-12-24;2(4642):1458-1459. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4642.1458. PMID20787713.
9. ^Welsh, Fauset. Indications for infant circumcision. Br Med J. 1936-10-10;2(3953):714. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3953.714. PMID20780160.
10. ^Yachia, Daniel. Text Atlas of Penile Surgery. Informa Healthcare; 2007. ISBN1-84184-517-5. p. 16.
11. ^Thiruchelvam N, Nayak P, Mostafid H. Emergency dorsal slit for balanitis with retention. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. April 2004;97(4):205–6. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.4.205. PMID15056750. PMC1079370.
12. ^Kessler CS, Bauml J. Non-Traumatic Urologic Emergencies in Men: A Clinical Review. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. November 2009;10(4):281–7. PMID20046251.
13. ^Warner E, Strashin E. Benefits and risks of circumcision. Canadian Medical Association Journal. November 1981;125(9):967–76, 992. PMID7037142.
14. ^McGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP. Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: Approach to the phimotic foreskin. Canadian Family Physician. March 2007;53(3):445–8. PMID17872680. PMC1949079.
15. ^Goodwin WE. Uncircumcision: a technique for plastic reconstruction of a prepuce after circumcision. J Urol. 1990;144(5):1203-5. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3. PMID2231896.

V Slot Surgery Center